The translation is the process whereby the meaning, style, and information of a piece of the written text in one human language is reproduced in another written human language. Whereas interpreting undoubtedly antedates writing, translation began only after the appearance of written literature; there exist partial translations of the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh (ca. 2000 BCE) into Southwest Asian languages of the second millennium BCE.
Multimedia translation, also sometimes referred to as Audiovisual translation, is a specialized branch of translation which deals with the transfer of multimodal and multimedia texts into another language and/or culture and which implies the use of a multimedia electronic system in the translation or in the transmission process. Modes of translation: This kind of translation is strongly influenced, both in the form and in the substance of its creative process, by the process and type of device employed. Specific limits are imposed by digital graphics, and by timing and mode of use. The primary translation modes employed in the audiovisual media include subtitling, closed captioning, subtitling, and re-voicing (which may occur in the form of dubbing, voice-over, mobile translation, interpreting, or audio description). Multimedia works can also be adapted from one media to another, for example, Cinema, TV, and video game adaptation.
Drafting is writing, and drafting is a vital part of successful writing. The reason you will need to use drafting is that it can lay the fundamental framework of your final paper. If you lay the framework well, you'll have a good chance of writing a beautiful paper, however, if you do a poor job on the framework, success could be much more difficult to attain. The following section will take you through the drafting process(es) with instructions and handy tips.
Sworn translation, also called "certified translation," aims at legal equivalence between two documents written in different languages. It is performed by someone authorized to do so by local regulations. Some countries recognize declared competence. Others require the translator to be an official state appointee. For legal and official purposes, evidentiary documents and other official documentation are usually required in the official language(s) of a jurisdiction. In some countries, it is a requirement for translations of such documents that a translator swear an oath to attest that it is the legal equivalent of the source text. Often, only translators of a special class are authorized to swear such oaths. In some cases, the translation is only accepted as a legal equivalent if it is accompanied by the original, sworn, or certified copy of it. Even if a translator specializes in legal translation or is a lawyer in his country, this does not necessarily make him a sworn translator. The procedure for translating to legal equivalence differs from country to country.
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